
Uma dissertação argumentativa é um gênero textual que envolve a apresentação de um ponto de vista a respeito de um assunto, de forma clara e objetiva. Para entender melhor, saiba as características principais dos tipos textuais (dissertação e argumentação) que compõem o gênero:
- Dissertação: tem o objetivo de expor e analisar um determinado assunto.
- Argumentação: defende um ponto de vista e utiliza argumentos para defendê-lo.
Argumentar é apresentar um ponto de vista e persuadir o(a) leitor(a) quanto à veracidade daquela opinião, com a intenção de convencê-lo(a) a aderir ao seu posicionamento ou, pelo menos, a considerar válidas as suas colocações. Sempre que uma proposta de redação apresentar comandos como “posicione-se” ou “apresente seu ponto de vista”, significa que o texto deve ser argumentativo. Dissertar é focar o assunto, não apenas no conteúdo, mas também na construção do texto. A dissertação deve ser impessoal, ou seja, tudo o que estiver exposto deve ser escrito de forma que nem o(a) autor(a) do texto nem o(a) leitor(a) sejam citados(as) diretamente. Assim, o texto é escrito inteiramente em 3ª pessoa. Uma dissertação também pode ser chamada de exposição, portanto, caso você se depare com alguma dessas palavras, saiba que tratam do mesmo tipo de texto.
– Mas… Se a dissertação é impessoal e a argumentação defende um ponto de vista, como defendo minhas ideias na dissertação argumentativa?
Ainda que as ideias defendidas sejam suas, o texto da dissertação deve sempre ser impessoal. É possível fazer isso sem usar a 1ª pessoa. Vejamos alguns exemplos para facilitar a compreensão:
Eu acredito que a violência contra a mulher persiste nos dias de hoje devido à cultura patriarcal que as encara como inferiores.
Veja que a informação exposta representa um ponto de vista, mas isso é feito de forma pessoal: a opinião é atribuída a uma pessoa específica, no caso, o(a) autor(a) do texto. Isso é feito através do uso da 1ª pessoa (eu acredito). Já um texto impessoal, ainda que exponha exatamente a mesma opinião, deve tratar o ponto de vista de forma direta e afirmativa, sem que ela fique muito pessoal. Abaixo, a mesma frase é reescrita de forma que o texto fique impessoal, adequado a uma dissertação:
A violência contra a mulher persiste nos dias de hoje devido à cultura patriarcal que as encara como inferiores.
Viu a diferença? No exemplo citado, basta eliminar o trecho “eu acredito que” para que a frase seja impessoal e esteja de acordo com as características de um texto dissertativo.
Além de evitar o uso da primeira pessoa, é importante o texto dissertativo-argumentativo, também, não direcionar os argumentos diretamente ao leitor ou leitora. Você até pode (e deve!) fazer isso em uma carta, que é um texto pessoal, mas não em uma dissertação. Não devem ser usados pronomes que indicam 2ª pessoa (tu, vós, você ou pronomes de tratamento) ou verbos no imperativo. Expressões como “reflita sobre o problema”, “faça a sua parte” ou até “você decide” não devem estar presentes no texto dissertativo.
– Posso usar o “nós” no texto dissertativo?
Essa é uma dúvida bastante recorrente. O nós é um pronome de 1ª pessoa, mas no plural. Ele inclui tanto a pessoa que fala quanto a pessoa com quem se fala. Geralmente, durante uma conversa, quando usamos a 1ª pessoa do plural, referimo-nos às pessoas envolvidas naquela discussão, inclusive quem fala. “Vamos ao parque?” é o exemplo de uma pergunta bastante pessoal, que trata de pessoas específicas (a pessoa que falou e as outras com quem conversa). No entanto, uma coisa é falar sobre pessoas específicas, outra é falar de um grupo maior, como todos os cidadãos e cidadãs de um país ou do mundo.
É possível fazer uma generalização com o uso da 1ª pessoa do plural. Basta pensar que qualquer leitor(a) deve ser capaz de se identificar com o texto. “Vivemos em um mundo globalizado” ou “devemos ter consciência” são afirmações que, normalmente, assumem essa generalização. Porém, cuidado para não se confundir e restringir a afirmação a um grupo específico. Um tema sobre o uso de novas tecnologias por adolescentes não pode ter frases como “usamos a internet frequentemente para nos comunicar e fazer pesquisas escolares, mesmo que a quantidade de tempo que passamos na rede incomode nossos pais”. Nesse caso, não há generalização, porque a afirmação diz respeito a um grupo específico (jovens) que exclui os demais (crianças, adultos e idosos, por exemplo).
O importante é manter o caráter impessoal do texto. Se tiver dúvidas sobre o uso do “nós” no texto dissertativo, evite-o e procure escrever apenas em 3ª pessoa. Assim, você não correrá o risco de errar e tem mais chances de conseguir um texto objetivo e impessoal.
Este conteúdo foi publicado originalmente em abril de 2017, porém, devido a problemas técnicos com a página, o artigo foi republicado. Apesar de o assunto ainda ser considerado atual e pertinente, não houve atualização do texto, espero poder trazer conteúdo mais recente em breve.

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Teste.